RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To identify cultural topics with clinical implications to be incorporated into the dentistry curriculum to develop Intercultural Competence. METHODS: Systematic review with PRISMA criteria that exported 216 articles from the Web of Science, Scopus, and SciELO databases from 2012 to 2022, of which 40 were selected. The inclusion criteria were theoretical and empirical scientific articles, of quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods nature, on cultural topics. RESULTS: The data analysis allowed the organization of information into four cultural topics: Development of professional intercultural self-awareness, Individual, family, and cultural implications, Construction of intercultural therapeutic relationships, and Specific clinical aspects, each with particular contents to be developed in the dentistry curriculum. However, some clinical issues have yet to be explored in-depth, leaving research possibilities open to all disciplines in dentistry. Additionally, it is necessary to analyze the cultural bias in the discussion and conclusion of some reviewed articles, as they were conducted from an ethnocentric perspective. Thus, peer reviewers of scientific journals and researchers in these topics must have appropriate training in Intercultural Competence. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides a guide and pedagogical sequence of the cultural topics that should be incorporated into the dentistry curriculum to achieve Intercultural Competence, it also highlights a wide range of relevant aspects to consider in establishing an adequate therapeutic relationship. Explicit accreditation criteria contribute to the establishment of Intercultural Competence in the curricula; however, in countries that lack regulations, there is a moral and ethical duty to incorporate the subject so that the future professional can manage and establish inclusive healthcare.
RESUMEN
Resumen Introducción: Las redes sociales son cada vez más usadas en la enseñanza debido a su facilidad de uso, familiarización, accequibilidad, siendo posible el intercambio de información de manera instantánea y fácil desde teléfonos inteligentes. Por ello se diseñó y creó un foro virtual mediante un grupo cerrado de Facebook que funcionó de manera paralela a la asignatura. Objetivo: Evaluar la opinión de los estudiantes en relación al desarrollo de las habilidades actitudinales, cognitivas, autorreguladoras y metacognitivas mediante el foro virtual implementado, además de su percepción con respecto a la plataforma de Facebook. Metodología: Estudio transversal descriptivo de tipo mixto. Cuantitativo con la aplicación de una encuesta de opinión tipo Likert creada por Andrei Fedorov (2008) y cualitativo mediante cuatro grupos focales. Participaron 68 estudiantes (28 hombres y 40 mujeres), que cursaron la asignatura Diagnóstico Integrado el año 2017, correspondiendo al 100% de ellos. Resultados: Para el 70% de las preguntas la opción más seleccionada fue -bastante-; a excepción de cuatro de la dimensión actitudinal donde la más frecuente fue -un poco-. Destacaron la plataforma de Facebook como una excelente idea para incentivar el aprendizaje, ofreciendo más ventajas que otras plataformas. Las desventajas mencionadas surgieron de los estudiantes con menor participación y regular/bajo rendimiento. Conclusión: El foro virtual, por medio de Facebook, permitió mejorar las dimensiones actitudinal, cognitiva, autorreguladora y metacognitiva, principalmente en mujeres y en aquellos que participaron más, obteniendo mejor rendimiento. Resultó ser una mejor plataforma virtual dada que es amigable, masiva e instantánea incentivando la motivación del estudiante.
Abstract Introduction: Social networks are increasingly used in education due to its ease of use, familiarization, accessibility, making it possible to exchange information instantly and easily from smartphones. For this reason, a virtual forum was designed and created through a closed group of Facebook that worked in parallel with the subject. Objective: To evaluate the opinion of students in relation to the development of attitudinal, cognitive, self-regulatory and metacognitive skills through the virtual forum implemented, as well as their perception regarding the Facebook platform. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study of mixed type. Quantitative with the application of a Likert opinion survey created by Andrei Fedorov (2008) and qualitative through four focus groups. 68 students participated (28 men and 40 women), who took the Integrated Diagnostic course in 2017, corresponding to 100% of them. Results: For 70% of the questions, the most selected option was -quite-; except for four of the attitudinal dimension where the most frequent was -a little-. They highlighted the Facebook platform as an excellent idea to encourage learning, offering more advantages than other platforms. The mentioned disadvantages arose from students with less participation and regular / low performance. Conclusion: The virtual forum, through Facebook, allowed to improve the attitudinal, cognitive, self-regulating and metacognitive dimensions, mainly in women and in those who participated more, obtaining better performance. It turned out to be a better virtual platform given that it is friendly, massive and instantaneous which encourages student motivation.
